HIV is an infection with the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight off viruses, bacteria and fungi that cause illness, and it can lead to AIDS, a chronic, life-threatening disease. When first infected with HIV , you may have no symptoms. Some people develop a flu-like illness, usually two to six weeks after being infected. Still, the only way you know if you have HIV is to be tested. Early HIV signs and symptoms usually disappear within a week to a month and are often mistaken for those of another viral infection.
During this period, you're highly infectious. More-persistent or -severe symptoms of HIV infection may not appear for 10 years or more after the initial infection.
Early-stage HIV symptoms may include:. As the virus continues to multiply and destroy immune cells, you may develop mild infections or chronic signs and symptoms such as:. Signs and symptoms of late-stage HIV infection include:. Genital herpes is a highly contagious STI caused by a type of the herpes simplex virus HSV that enters your body through small breaks in your skin or mucous membranes.
Most people with HSV never know they have it, because they have no signs or symptoms or the signs and symptoms are so mild they go unnoticed. When signs and symptoms are noticeable, the first episode is generally the worst. Some people never have a second episode. Others, however, can have recurrent episodes for decades.
Ulcers can make urination painful. You may also have pain and tenderness in your genital area until the infection clears. During an initial episode, you may have flu-like signs and symptoms, such as a headache, muscle aches and fever, as well as swollen lymph nodes in your groin.
Some forms of HPV put women at high risk of cervical cancer. Other forms cause genital warts. HPV usually has no signs or symptoms. The signs and symptoms of genital warts include:. Often, however, genital warts cause no symptoms. Genital warts may be as small as 1 millimeter in diameter or may multiply into large clusters. Warts can also develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person.
Hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis C are all contagious viral infections that affect your liver. Hepatitis B and C are the most serious of the three, but each can cause your liver to become inflamed.
Some people never develop signs or symptoms. But for those who do, signs and symptoms may occur several weeks after exposure and may include:. Syphilis is a bacterial infection. The disease affects your genitals, skin and mucous membranes, but it can also involve many other parts of your body, including your brain and your heart.
The signs and symptoms of syphilis may occur in three stages — primary, secondary, and tertiary. Some people also experience latent syphilis, in which blood tests are positive for the bacteria but no symptoms are present. At first, only a small, painless sore chancre may be present at the site of infection, usually the genitals, rectum, tongue or lips. As the disease worsens, symptoms may include:.
Without treatment, syphilis bacteria may spread, leading to serious internal organ damage and death years after the original infection. A person can be confident they do not have HIV if they get a negative test during the window period and have no subsequent contact with someone who could have the virus. A doctor can test for chlamydia by swabbing the vagina, cervix, rectum, or throat, or by taking a urine sample. If symptoms appear, they usually present within 7—21 days of exposure.
A test can normally detect chlamydia within 1—2 weeks of exposure. A doctor can test for gonorrhea with a urine sample. In some cases, they may also swab the urethra, anus, throat, or cervix to get a more reliable result. Most tests can detect the infection within 5 days to 2 weeks of exposure. If a test is negative shortly after exposure, a doctor may recommend retesting 2 weeks later, particularly if a person has symptoms.
Herpes symptoms usually appear quickly. On average, they present 4 days after exposure, and the typical range is 2—12 days. In some cases, however, symptoms can be so mild that a person does not notice them.
A blood test can confirm a herpes diagnosis. The test may be positive within a month, and by 4 months, blood testing finds most cases. While it is possible for males to pass human papillomavirus HPV on to a partner, the CDC have not approved a male test. Instead, doctors may test for symptoms of the relatively rare cancers that HPV can cause, including penile cancer. In females , HPV rarely causes symptoms. If there are indications, they could appear months or years later.
The most reliable test is a Pap smear , which involves swabbing the cervix. This can detect HPV 3 weeks to a few months after exposure.
In some cases, hepatitis B and C may not cause any obvious symptoms for years. If they do appear, hepatitis B usually produces signs within 6 weeks to 6 months. Hepatitis C symptoms may appear as early as 2—6 weeks, but can sometimes take as long as 6 months. A blood test can look for both types of hepatitis.
The hepatitis B testing window is 3—6 weeks, while the hepatitis C testing window is 2—6 months. Early testing at 2 months may miss some cases, so a doctor may recommend retesting at 6 months. A doctor can test for trichomoniasis with a swab of the rectum, penis, or vagina. Many people do not have symptoms, but some may notice a discharge or burning sensation within 5—28 days of exposure. It is possible to get a positive test within a week of exposure, though some people need to wait up to a month.
Syphilis usually begins with a sore on the genitals called a chancre. Blood tests can detect the bacteria within 1—2 weeks after the chancre appears.
Chancres are typically painless and usually develop within 3 weeks of exposure, so the total testing window is about 4 weeks.
Back to Sexual health. It depends on which sexually transmitted infection STI you have. Symptoms can develop within a few days or weeks, but sometimes they do not appear until months or even years later. If there's any chance you have an STI, go to a sexual health clinic or GP for a free and confidential check-up. Call a sexual health clinic if you need help or advice. Only go to a clinic if you've been told to. Find sexual health clinic contact details.
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