The unique crystal structure of martensitic steels can be ferromagnetic if iron is present. Since stainless steel is a type of steel, there is an abundant amount of iron in its make-up. This makes many martensitic stainless steels magnetic. Duplex stainless steels are typically magnetic because they contain a mixture of austenite and ferrite.
The substantial amount of ferrite which is magnetic contributes to Duplex steels being magnetic. However, since duplex stainless steels have more austenite than ferritic steels, they may be slightly less magnetic.
Austenitic stainless steels have a high amount of austenite which makes them mostly non-magnetic. Even though grades such as and stainless steel have high amounts of iron in their chemical composition, austenite means they are non-ferromagnetic. However, if the crystal structure of an austenitic stainless steel is changed through work-hardening or special thermal treatment, then ferrite can form in some locations making the steel partially magnetic.
Magnetic material can have a huge effect on the intended performance of a material depending on its application. If a material needs to be quickly sorted from other materials, then having one material be magnetic can make this a very easy sorting process to carry out. When welding or performing other metal fabrication processes, magnetic material may cause issues to arise. Electrical currents can also behave differently in magnetic materials.
We are metal experts and have been providing quality customer service and products since The crystal structure of ferrite and iron is what makes these types of stainless steel magnetic. However, some of the stainless steels with ferrite have a weak magnetic pull. Most of the stainless steels in this category are magnetic. If iron is present, the crystal structure of martensitic stainless steel can be ferromagnetic. Because iron is the primary material in stainless steel, martensitic steels have magnetic properties.
Most stainless steels falling under this category are non-magnetic because they contain high amounts of austenite. Even though some of the metals like grade and have iron in their chemical composition, they are austenite, meaning they are non-ferromagnetic. They can be made partially magnetic through special thermal treatment or work-hardening which can form ferrite in some locations. This corresponds to a somewhat larger magnetic susceptibility than we might expect for other nonmagnetic materials, but is still well below what might be considered magnetic.
However, this does not mean that you should expect to measure such a low susceptibility on any item of or stainless steel that you encounter.
Any process which can change the crystal structure of stainless steel can cause austenite to be converted to the ferromagnetic martensite or ferrite forms of iron. These processes include cold working and welding. It is also possible for austenite to spontaneously convert to martensite at low temperatures. To complicate matters further, the magnetic properties of these alloys depend on the alloy composition.
Within the allowed ranges of variation of Ni and Cr, significant differences in magnetic properties may be observed for a given alloy. Both and stainless steel possess paramagnetic characteristics.
Depending upon their weight and specifically their weight ratio to magnetic attraction, these small particles will be held to the magnets during the production process.
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